Renal colic

Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by kidney stones.

Presentation

The pain typically begins in the abdomen and often radiates to the hypochondrium or the groin. The pain is often colicky (comes in waves) due to ureteric peristalsis, but may be constant. It may come in two varieties: dull and acute; the acute variation is particularly unpleasant and is often described as one of the strongest pain sensations felt by humans (being worse than childbirth, broken bones, gunshot wounds, burns, or surgery).^[1]

Depending on the type and size/s of the kidney stones moving through the urinal tract the pain may be stronger in the renal or bladder area or equally strong in both. In lower obstructions, males may experience pain in the genitals.

Prognosis and treatment

Most small stones are passed spontaneously and only pain management is required. Diclofenac, as well as many other Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs^[2], and antispasmodics like Hyoscine butyl bromide or Otilonium bromide can be used. But the doctor may not give morphine to soothe the pain, because it raises ureteral pressure, worsening the condition. However, morphine may be administered to assist with pain management. There is typically no antalgic position for the patient (lying down on the non-aching side and applying a hot bottle or towel to the area affected may help). If the pain is not too intense, a more speedy release of the stones may be achieved by walking. Larger stones may require surgical intervention for their removal, like percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Drinking large amounts of water or tea will help you urinate more frequently which will help you pass the stone.

References